Factors that elevate the risk of developing ASD are past psychiatric disorders, prior trauma, greater trauma severity, avoidant coping, high neuroticism, and being female (8). While many studies have examined factors that place individuals at risk for developing PTSD, only a handful of studies have examined risk factors for the development of ASD. Currently, there are no prevalence estimates of ASD in adults using DSM-5criteria. Of note, these rates are based on DSM-IV ASD criteria. For example, prevalence estimates of ASD range from 13 - 21% following motor vehicle accidents and 14% after brain injury (5) to 24% following assault (6) and 59% following rape (7). Some trauma types are associated with higher rates of ASD than others. Regardless of whether an individual goes on to develop PTSD, a diagnosis of ASD is important so that individuals experiencing early significant distress in response to a trauma can be identified and treated.īack to Top How Common Is ASD Following Trauma Exposure?ĪSD prevalence rates vary in trauma exposed populations across studies and across different trauma types, with an average of 19% (1). However, not all individuals who meet criteria for ASD will go onto develop PTSD, and many individuals who develop PTSD do not first have an ASD diagnosis (3). Is ASD Predictive of PTSD? How Common Is ASD Following Trauma Exposure? Who Is at Risk for ASD? How is ASD diagnosed? What Are Effective Treatments for ASD? References Is ASD Predictive of PTSD?ĪSD is a risk factor for developing subsequent PTSD (1). See Bryant's (2016) comprehensive text on ASD (1) for a thorough discussion of the differences between ASD and PTSD. PTSD includes a, whereas in ASD, depersonalization and derealization are included as symptoms under the dissociative heading.PTSD includes non-fear based symptoms (i.e., risky or destructive behavior, overly negative thoughts and assumptions about oneself or the world, exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma, negative affect, decreased interest in activities, feeling isolated), whereas ASD does not.For ASD, symptoms are not classified within clusters therefore an individual meets diagnosis based upon expression of symptoms in total. PTSD diagnosis requires meeting a certain number of symptoms within established clusters.Yet, ASD and PTSD differ in several important ways: Many of the ASD symptoms are similar to those for PTSD. ASD requires meeting criteria for at least 9 of the 14 symptoms (1).ĪSD and PTSD share the same requirement for exposure to a traumatic event (Criterion A).If posttraumatic symptoms persist beyond a month, the clinician would assess for the presence of PTSD. The diagnosis of ASD can only be considered from 3 days to one month following a traumatic event (commonly referred to as the acute phase).Debate continues regarding ASD as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD 2). A diagnosis of ASD has been integral in helping facilitate access to health care after trauma exposure. In DSM-5 (2013), ASD was reclassified in the Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders (1).
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